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Doing some assessment for learning, prior to planning teaching, is far more effective than doing none, however it can be complex to do, record and use. These complexities mean that for most learners minimal - and on the hoof - assessment for learning is the best use of the teacher's time. Common obstacles are:
Hence in our opinion although RAG recording of exam performance may be better than nothing, they are not a good use of the teacher's time. More highly attaining learners can often manage to learn and fill in, or steer around, learning gaps as they learn new skills. So teachers of more highly attaining learners can often fill learning gaps they discover, as and when they discover them. |
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Lessons can fail to be effective because of unexpected gaps in learning. We know that good assessment for learning can improve learning outcomes, so for low attaining learners - who, by definition, need more help to learn - assessment for learning is far more likely be worth a bit more effort. |
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Once the teacher has spent time re-establishing pre-requisites skills, in order to teach something harder, both the department and the teacher want to "get on and make the most of it". Part of why schools use a teach-each-topic-once-a-year SOL is that it avoids “wasting teaching time revising” and means the teacher needs to do less differentiation and they can teach from a common beginning point.
Teaching a "large bite or several small bites” rather than a "small bite" will be a more efficient use of time providing most of the learners retain most of the new learning. Sweller’s research says that teaching better becomes learning if the teacher teaches the correct grain size. |
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The more a learner knows and the larger their working memory capacity is, the more new learning they are likely to be able to learn from a topic at a time. The less a learner knows and the smaller their working memory capacity is, the smaller the amount of new learning the learner is likely to be able to learn from each topic at a time.
An annual scheme of learning makes learning harder for low attaining learners, as they often have "nearly but not quite remembered the pre requisites" before they are asked to use those pre requisites, not just for the next step of learning, but also for one or two steps after that. With a teach-each-topic-once-a-year scheme of learning we are asking the lowest attaining learners to follow the learning style which works for the highest attaining learners. Thinking of sport, it is like asking a swimmer with arm bands to follow the training regimen of member of the swimming team. |
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High attaining learners can usually easily remember the learning of the lesson for up to 5 weeks - so homework and end of unit tests, work well as unacknowledged retrieval practice. Learners at the median can usually remember the learning of lessons for about 1 week - so homework and end of unit tests, works reasonably well as retrieval practice - although most of these learners will need to do some out of class revision to “do as well as they can”. Weekly quizzes followed by perhaps fortnightly tests - which include increasing interval retrieval practice on prior learning - are likely to work even better. |
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Learners at or below the lower quartile can usually remember the learning of the lesson for a few days - so homework and testing are far less likely to make well timed retrieval practice. Additionally even if testing and homework is scheduled every few days, and this does extend the durability of the recall-ability of new learning, it is likely to extend the learning for no more than an additional fortnight. So unless we use additional strategies - such as increasing interval retrieval practice, which timely practice uses - we can’t legitimately complain when low attaining learners can’t remember what we taught them last week/month/term/year. |
(5) motivation is an outcome of success
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which reduce the working memory load of the lesson,
which teach on firm learning foundations,
which help the learner to embed the learning of the lesson into long term memory
which lead to success, which leads to increased motivation.
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